Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa munthu wopanda pakemakina a njerwakupanga mzere. Zotsatirazi ndi kufotokozera kuchokera kuzinthu monga kupangidwa kwa zida, ndondomeko yogwirira ntchito, ndi ubwino wa ntchito:

Zida Zopangira

• Makina akuluakulu: Monga pachimake, amapanga njira yofunikira kwambiri yosindikizira zinthu. Zoumba zake zitha kusinthidwa momwe zimafunikira kuti apange njerwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe, monga njerwa wamba, njerwa zopanda kanthu, njerwa zoteteza malo otsetsereka, ndi zina zambiri, kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zomanga. Chimangocho ndi cholimba, kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yokanikiza imayenda mokhazikika komanso kuti thupi la njerwa likhale lofanana.

• Batching system: Imayang'anira bwino kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndipo imakhala ndi nkhokwe yosungiramo zinthu, chipangizo chodyera, etc. Kwa zipangizo monga simenti, zophatikizana (monga mchenga ndi miyala), ndi phulusa la ntchentche, zimaperekedwa molondola kudzera mu chipangizo chodyera molingana ndi ndondomeko yokonzedweratu kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti ntchito yokhazikika ya thupi la njerwa, mphamvu, ndi zina zotero.

• Makina osakaniza: Amasakaniza mokwanira zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Makina osakaniza osakaniza amakhala ndi masamba osakaniza oyenerera ndi liwiro lozungulira kuti asakanike mofanana zinthu zomwe zili mu ng'oma yosakaniza kuti apange chisakanizo ndi pulasitiki yabwino, kuyika maziko a kupanga kotsatira ndikupewa zolakwika za khalidwe la njerwa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kusakaniza kosagwirizana.

• Njira yotumizira: Kudalira zipangizo monga ma conveyors a lamba, zimagwirizanitsa njira zosiyanasiyana, zimatumiza zida zosakanikirana ndi zosakanizidwa ku makina akuluakulu kuti apange, komanso amasamutsira njerwa zopangidwa ndi njerwa kumalo ochiritsira kupyolera mwa izo, kuonetsetsa kuti kupangidwa kosalekeza ndi kosalala komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zonse.

• Malo ochiritsira (osasonyezedwa bwino pachithunzichi, ulalo wofunikira mumzere wopangira): Nthawi zambiri, pali malo ochiritsira zachilengedwe kapena ng'anjo zowotchera nthunzi. Kuchiritsa kwachilengedwe kumadalira kutentha kozungulira ndi chinyezi kuti chiwumitse pang'onopang'ono; kuchiritsa nthunzi kumathandizira kukula kwamphamvu kwa njerwa zomwe zikusoweka poyang'anira kutentha, chinyezi, ndi nthawi, kufupikitsa nthawi yopangira, ndipo ndikoyenera kupanga zazikulu komanso zolimba.

Ntchito Njira

Choyamba, batching dongosolo proportionally amakonzekera zopangira monga simenti, mchenga ndi miyala, ndi zotsalira zinyalala mafakitale (monga ntchentche phulusa, slag), ndi kuwatumiza ku dongosolo kusakaniza kwa kusakaniza zonse kusakaniza kupanga osakaniza oyenerera; ndiye makina otumizira amatumiza kusakaniza ku makina akuluakulu, ndipo makina akuluakulu amagwiritsa ntchito njira monga ma hydraulics ndi vibration kuti apange kupanikizika kwakukulu kapena kugwedezeka, kotero kuti kusakaniza kumapanga njerwa yopanda kanthu mu nkhungu; pambuyo pake, njerwa yopanda kanthu imasamutsidwa kupita kumalo ochiritsira kupyolera mu njira yotumizira kuti amalize ndondomeko yowumitsa, ndipo potsiriza imakhala njerwa yosawotchedwa yomwe imakwaniritsa miyezo ya mphamvu ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Ubwino wa Ntchito

• Kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu: Palibe kuwotcha kumafunika, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya (monga sulfure dioxide, fumbi) zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chowombera njerwa zachikhalidwe. Ikhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zotsalira za zinyalala za mafakitale kuti ikwaniritse kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinyalala, kukwaniritsa zosowa zachitukuko cha nyumba zobiriwira.

• Mtengo wowongoka: Zida zopangira ndi zochuluka, ndipo mchenga ndi miyala yam'deralo, zinyalala za mafakitale zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira; njira yopanda sintering imafupikitsa nthawi yopangira, imachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndipo imakhala ndi phindu lalikulu pazachuma pakugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.

• Zogulitsa zosiyanasiyana: Posintha nkhungu, njerwa zokhazikika, njerwa zobowola, njerwa zobowoka, ndi zina zotere zitha kupangidwa mosinthika, kutengera zochitika zosiyanasiyana monga zomanga, kukonza misewu, ndikumanga malo, ndikukhala ndi msika wamphamvu.

• Ubwino wokhazikika: Kupanga kwamakina kumawongolera kuchuluka kwazinthu zopangira, kupanga kuthamanga, ndi kuchiritsa. Thupi la njerwa lili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kulondola kwake, ndipo mawonekedwe ake osinthika komanso ophatikizika ndiabwino kuposa njerwa zachikhalidwe, kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yomanga imayenda bwino.

Mtundu uwu wa mzere wosawotchedwa makina opanga njerwa, ndi makhalidwe monga kuteteza chilengedwe, dzuwa kwambiri, ndi kusinthasintha mu kupanga zipangizo zomangira zamakono, pang'onopang'ono wakhala chida chofunika kwambiri pa kukweza ndi kusinthika kwa makampani opanga njerwa, zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira kugwiritsa ntchito kosatha kwa chuma ndi chitukuko chobiriwira cha makampani omangamanga. Ngati mukufuna kumvetsetsa mozama za zida zenizeni kapena tsatanetsatane wa mzere wopanga, mutha kupereka mafotokozedwe owonjezera.

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mzere wopangira njerwa zosawotchedwa, zomwe ndizo zida zoyambira pakupanga njerwa. Zotsatirazi ndi zoyambira kuchokera kuzinthu monga mawonekedwe a zida ndi ma module ogwirira ntchito:

Ponena za maonekedwe, thupi lalikulu la zidazo makamaka limapangidwa ndi chimango cha buluu, chogwirizana ndi zigawo za lalanje, ndipo mapangidwe ake ndi osakanikirana komanso okhazikika. Chojambula cha buluu chimakhala ndi gawo lothandizira, kukhala chokhazikika komanso chodalirika, ndipo chimatha kupirira mphamvu zamachitidwe monga kukakamiza ndi kutumiza zinthu panthawi yopanga. Zigawo zazikuluzikulu monga kusungirako zinthu za lalanje ndi kupanga zigawo zimakhala zodziwika bwino motsutsana ndi buluu, zomwe zimathandizira kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza.

Ponena za ma modules ogwira ntchito, pali malo osungiramo zinthu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungirako zipangizo monga simenti, mchenga ndi miyala, ndi zotsalira za zinyalala za mafakitale kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zinthu zikupitirizabe. The batching dongosolo adzalamulira molondola kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zopangira malinga ndi preset chilinganizo kuonetsetsa ntchito khola thupi njerwa. Module yosakaniza imasakaniza bwino zopangira, ndipo kupyolera muzitsulo zoyenera zosakaniza ndi liwiro lozungulira, zipangizozi zimapanga kusakaniza ndi pulasitiki yabwino, ndikuyika maziko opangira njerwa zopanda kanthu.

Makina opangira chachikulu ndiye fungulo. Mothandizidwa ndi ma hydraulic ndi vibration process, imachita kukanikiza kwakukulu kapena kugwedezeka kupanga pakusakaniza. Nthambizo zimatha kusintha mosavuta, ndipo zimatha kupanga njerwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana monga njerwa wamba, njerwa zapabowo, ndi njerwa zobowoka, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana monga zomanga ndi kukonza misewu. Zosokonekera za njerwa zomwe zapangidwa zimasamutsidwa kumalo ochiritsa kudzera munjira yotumizira. Kuchiritsa kwachilengedwe kumadalira kutentha kozungulira komanso chinyezi kuti chiwumitse, pomwe kuchiritsa kwa nthunzi kumathandizira kukula kwamphamvu polamulira kutentha, chinyezi, ndi nthawi, kufupikitsa nthawi yopanga.

Makina opanga njerwa osawotchedwa ndi ochezeka komanso opulumutsa mphamvu. Simafunika sintering, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi kutaya mpweya utsi wa miyambo kuwombera, komanso akhoza kudya zotsalira zinyalala mafakitale. Pankhani ya mtengo, zopangira ndi zambiri, ndondomekoyi ndi yaifupi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndizochepa. Chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwamakina, mtundu wazinthuzo umakhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zolondola kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kutukuka kobiriwira komanso koyenera kwamakampani omanga komanso kuchita nawo gawo lalikulu pantchito yamakono yopanga njerwa.